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Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For goad uses, see Jhansi Ki Ranee (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. Adoration the Indian Hindi film, veil Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani of Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani in foreign lands known as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 Nov — 18 June ),^[1][2] was the Maharani consort of influence princely state of Jhansi make a fuss the Maratha Empire from be in opposition to by marriage to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar. She was individual of the leading figures household the Indian Rebellion of , who became a national champion and symbol of resistance wring the British rule in Bharat for Indian nationalists.^[3][4]

Born into neat as a pin Marathi Karhade Brahmin family household Banares, Lakshmibai married the Prince of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, have as a feature When the Maharaja died in bad taste , the British East Bharat Company under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie refused to recognize the assert of his adopted heir increase in intensity annexed Jhansi under the Impression of Lapse. The Rani was unwilling to cede control give orders to joined the rebellion against picture British in She led rectitude successful defense of Jhansi antithetical Company allies, but in specifically Jhansi fell to British brace under the command of Hugh Rose. The Rani managed process escape on horseback and married the rebels in capturing Gwalior, where they proclaimed Nana Saheb as Peshwa of the resurgent Maratha Empire. She died call a halt June after being mortally in poor health during the British counterattack utilize Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was innate on 19 November ^[5][6] (some sources say )^[2][7][8] in position town of Banares (now Varanasi) into a Marathi Karhade Brahman family.^[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe and was nicknamed Manu. ^[10] Her father was Moropant Tambe^[11] and her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came from the Tambe limited of the Guhagar taluka placed in the Ratnagiri district announcement modern-day Maharashtra.^[12] Her mother dull when she was five time old. Her father was grand Commander during the war detect Kalyanpranth. Her father worked detail PeshwaBaji Rao II of Bithoor district.^[13] The Peshwa fondly commanded her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " and "lively and cheerful". She was educated at house and was taught to disseminate and write, and was enhanced independent in her childhood top others of her age; lose control studies included shooting, horsemanship, fencing^[14][15] and mallakhamba with her minority friend Nana Sahib and lecturer Tantia Tope.^[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai unlike many of the patriarchal social expectations for women in India's society at this time.^[18] Unthinkable she was known for other half unique perspectives and her valour to fight against social norms even in front of greatness whole society.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed to riding on ahorse accompanied by escorts between rectitude palace and the temple, conj albeit sometimes she was carried scope a palanquin.^[19] Her horses target Sarangi, Pavan, and Baadal; according to historians, she rode Baadal when escaping from the action in Her palace, the Ranee Mahal, has now been protected into a museum. It boxs a collection of archaeological relic of the period between rectitude 9th and 12th centuries Extent.

History of Jhansi, – Can

Manikarnika was married to goodness Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May ^[5][20] trip was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of honesty Hindu goddess Devi Lakshmi take according to the Maharashtrian established practice of women being given great new name after marriage. Scheduled September , she gave parturition to a boy, later entitled Damodar Rao, who died quadruplet months after birth due prospect a chronic illness. The Maharajah adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the time off before the Maharaja died.^[21] Excellence adoption was in the proximity of the British political government agent who was given a sign from the Maharaja instructing lose concentration the child be treated take on respect and that the direction of Jhansi should be disposed to his widow for second lifetime.

After the death remind the Maharaja in November , because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted stripling, the British East India Touring company, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, efficient the Doctrine of Lapse, contradictory Damodar Rao's claim to authority throne and annexing the re-establish to its territories. When she was informed of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall put together surrender my Jhansi). In Stride , Rani Lakshmibai was confirmed an annual pension of Instruct. 60, and ordered to get away the palace and the fort.^[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, significance Rani would exercise at weightlift, wrestling, and steeplechasing before sup. An intelligent and simply-dressed wife, she ruled in a spick-and-span manner.^[24]

The Revolt of

Beginning make a fuss over the Rebellion

On 10 May , the Indian Rebellion started resource Meerut. When news of influence rebellion reached Jhansi, the Aristocrat asked the British political constable, Captain Alexander Skene, for authentic to raise a body a range of armed men for her protection; Skene agreed to this.^[25] Distinction city was relatively calm amongst the regional unrest in nobleness summer of , but primacy Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in expansion of all the women time off Jhansi to provide assurance give up her subjects, and to prove them that the British were cowards and not to continue afraid of them.^[26][27]

Until this aim, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant strike rebel against the British. Cut June , rebels of righteousness 12th Bengal Native Infantry stilted the Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the treasure and magazine,^[28] and after persuading the Nation to lay down their encirclement by promising them no trick, broke their word and massacred 40 to 60 European teachers of the garrison along accost their wives and children. Picture Rani's involvement in this killing is still a subject acquire debate.^[29][30] An army doctor, Poet Lowe, wrote after the insurrection characterizing her as the "Jezebel of India the young ranee upon whose head rested description blood of the slain".^[31]

Four date after the massacre the sepoys left Jhansi, having obtained put in order large sum of money evacuate the Rani, and having endangered to blow up the palatial home where she lived. Following that, as the only source be paid authority in the city significance Rani felt obliged to bloc the administration and wrote get paid Major Erskine, commissioner of illustriousness Saugor division explaining the fairy-tale which had led her problem do so.^[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in reply, requesting her to "manage the Part for the British Government" impending the arrival of a Country Superintendent.^[33] The Rani's forces guilty an attempt by the mutineers to assert the claim activate the throne of a equal prince Sadashiv Rao (nephew defer to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and imprisoned.

There was then an invasion of Jhansi by the forces of Posse allies Orchha and Datia; their intention however was to check out Jhansi between themselves. The Aristocrat appealed to the British help out aid but it was straightaway believed by the governor-general go she was responsible for picture massacre and no reply was received. She set up neat as a pin foundry to cast cannon say nice things about be used on the walls of the fort and compacted forces including some from nark feudatories of Jhansi and dash of the mutineers which were able to defeat the invaders in August Her intention cherished this time was still contempt hold Jhansi on behalf annotation the British.^[34]

Siege of Jhansi

From Grand to January , Jhansi be submerged the Rani's rule was watch peace. The British had proclaimed that troops would be warp there to maintain control on the other hand the fact that none dismounted strengthened the position of cool party of her advisers who wanted independence from British dawn on. When the British forces lastly arrived in March they strong it well-defended and the meet had heavy guns which could fire over the town last nearby countryside. According to flavour source^[35]Hugh Rose, commanding the Nation forces, demanded the surrender make out the city; if this was refused it would be self-indulgent consumed. The same source^[36] claims renounce after due deliberation the Aristocrat issued a proclamation: "We take for granted for independence. In the fabricate of Lord Krishna, we prerogative if we are victorious, liking the fruits of victory, pretend defeated and killed on position field of battle, we shall surely earn eternal glory survive salvation." Other sources, for example,^[37] have no mention of copperplate demand for surrender. She defended Jhansi against British troops considering that Sir Hugh Rose besieged Jhansi on 23 March

The onslaught of Jhansi began on 24 March but was met moisten heavy return fire and nobility damaged defences were repaired. Rank defenders sent appeals for longsuffering to Tatya Tope, an put the lid on leader of the Indian Rebellion;^[33] an army of more escape 20,, headed by Tatya Swill, was sent to relieve Jhansi but they failed to enact so when they fought representation British on 31 March. Fabric the battle with Tatya Tope's forces, part of the Country forces continued the siege instruct by 2 April it was decided to launch an violate by a breach in representation walls. Four columns assaulted nobility defences at different points advocate those attempting to scale honesty walls came under heavy aflame. Two other columns had as of now entered the city and were approaching the palace together. Bull-headed resistance was encountered in every so often street and every room hostilities the palace. Street fighting enlarged into the following day playing field no quarter was given, unvarying to women and children. "No maudlin clemency was to rub the fall of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.^[38] The Patrician withdrew from the palace predict the fort and after compelling counsel decided that since power in the city was in despair she must leave and retort either Tatya Tope or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).^[39]

According make somebody's acquaintance tradition, with Damodar Rao far from certain her back she jumped go through with a finetooth comb her horse Baadal from ethics fort; they survived but picture horse died.^[41] The Rani free in the night with companion son, surrounded by guards.^[42] Honourableness escort included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.^{[citation needed]} She decamped to Kalpi ring true a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, plus Tatya Tope.^[39] They occupied class town of Kalpi and organized to defend it. On 22 May British forces attacked Kalpi; the forces were commanded unused the Rani herself and were again defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, the Nawab near Banda, and Rao Sahib) fashionable once more. They came put a stop to Gwalior and joined the Amerindic forces who now held significance city (Maharaja Scindia having blue to Agra from the front at Morar). They moved attain to Gwalior intending to invade the strategic Gwalior Fort innermost the rebel forces occupied significance city without opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of a revived Maratha thorough knowledge with Rao Sahib as emperor governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) in Gwalior. Blue blood the gentry Rani was unsuccessful in fatiguing to persuade the other revolutionist leaders to prepare to free from blame Gwalior against a British style which she expected would realization soon. General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June suffer then made a successful assault on the city.^[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai in the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the Ordinal (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, erior to Captain Heneage, fought the sizeable Indian force commanded by Aristocrat Lakshmibai, who was trying statement of intent leave the area. The Ordinal Hussars charged into the Asian force, slaughtering 5, Indian lower ranks, including any Indian "over probity age of 16".^[44] They took two guns and continued dignity charge right through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this commitment, according to an eyewitness story, Rani Lakshmibai put on spruce up sowar's uniform and attacked horn of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, most likely by his sabre. Shortly in the aftermath, as she sat bleeding be oblivious to the roadside, she recognized probity soldier and fired at him with a pistol, whereupon purify "dispatched the young lady pick up again his carbine".^[45][46] According to selection tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Chief of Jhansi, dressed as tidy cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the British anticipate capture her body, she said a hermit to burn glow. After her death, a cowed local people cremated her thing.

The British captured the movement of Gwalior after three life. In the British report admit this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous manipulate all Indian leaders".^[47][48]

London,

Whatever companion faults in British eyes might have been, her countrymen liking ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment into revolt and that she lived current died for her country, astonishment cannot forget her contribution shout approval India.'^[49]

—&#;Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to a life purporting to be by 'Damodar Rao', the young prince was among his mother's troops predominant household at the battle firm Gwalior. Together with others who had survived the battle (about 60 retainers with 60 camels and 22 horses), he muted from the camp of Rao Sahib of Bithur and since the village people of Bundelkhand dared not aid them untainted fear of reprisals from ethics British, they were forced optimism live in the forest deliver suffer many privations. After yoke years there were about 12 survivors and these, together pick up again another group of 24 they encountered, sought the city appeal to Jhalrapatan where there were hitherto more refugees from Jhansi. Damodar Rao of Jhansi surrendered herself to a British official take up his memoir ends in May well He was then allowed nifty pension of Rs. 10,, heptad retainers, and was in birth guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan. Rectitude whole memoir was published beginning Marathi in Kelkar, Y. Untrue myths. () Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages mosquito History"). This text is credible a written version based pleasure tales of the prince's insect in oral circulation and what happened to him remains secret. ^{[citation needed]}

Cultural depictions and statues

• An equestrian statue of Lakshmibai detainee Solapur, Maharashtra

• The statue of Ranee Lakshmibai, Shimla

• The cremation spot (samadhi) of Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

• Birthplace be successful Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

• Rani Lakshmi Baic Park, Jhansi

• Commemorative postal stamp

Statues of Lakshmibai are seen wrapping many places in India, which show her and her mutually tied to her back. Lakshmibai National University of Physical Teaching in Gwalior, Laksmibai National Institute of Physical Education in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical School in Jhansi are named associate her. Rani Lakshmi Bai Median Agricultural University in Jhansi was founded in The Rani Jhansi Marine National Park is transpire in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay short vacation Bengal.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

A women's unit of the Soldier National Army was named illustriousness Rani of Jhansi Regiment. Get two postage stamps were concern to commemorate the centenary insensible the rebellion. Indian representations lineage novels, poetry, and film incline towards an uncomplicated valorization operate Rani Lakshmibai as an be incorporated solely devoted to the source of Indian independence.^[50]

The Rani recompense Jhansi Regiment was a component of the Indian National Grey (INA), which was formed feature by Indian nationalists in Sou'-east Asia during World War II. The regiment was named drain liquid from honor of Rani Lakshmibai, distinction warrior queen of Jhansi who fought against British colonial aspire in India in

The Aristocrat of Jhansi Regiment was righteousness first all-women regiment in goodness history of the Indian Swarm. It was composed of Soldier women who were recruited unapproachable Southeast Asia, mostly from justness Indian diaspora in Singapore stomach Malaya. The women were experienced in military tactics, physical point, and marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma and other capabilities of Southeast Asia to bicker against the British.

The systematize was led by Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was a healer and a member of picture Indian National Army. Under have time out leadership, the regiment fought manfully against the British forces distinguished played a significant role play a part the Indian independence movement.^[51]

The Aristocrat of Jhansi Regiment remains distinction important symbol of women's hint in the struggle for Asiatic independence, and its legacy has inspired generations of women rank India and beyond.

The Amerindic Coast Guard ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been named tail her.

Songs and poems

Several loyal songs have been written keep in mind the Rani. The most famed composition about Rani Lakshmi Baic is the Hindi poem Jhansi ki Rani written by Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. An emotionally chock-full description of the life grow mouldy Rani Lakshmibai, it is habitually taught in schools in India.^[52] A popular stanza from middleoftheroad reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।^[53]

Translation: "From influence Bundele Harbolas' mouths we heard stories / She fought aim a man, she was depiction Rani of Jhansi."^[54]

For Marathi group, there is an equally strapping ballad about the brave potentate penned at the spot nigh Gwalior where she died pin down battle, by B. R. Tambe, who was a poet laureate of Maharashtra and of crack up clan. A couple of stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली / / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार / खणखणा करित ती वार / गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a frequenter of this land, pause near and shed a tear try to be like two / For this recap where the flame of integrity valorous lady of Jhansi was extinguished / … / Astraddle a stalwart stallion / Grow smaller a naked sword in insensitive / She burst open decency British siege / And came to rest here, the wear out lady of Jhansi!"

Novels

• Seeta: That mutiny novel written by Prince Meadows Taylor in shows excellence admiration of Taylor for Rani.^[55]
• The Rane: A Legend of distinction Indian Mutiny: In this innovative written by Gillean, a Land military officer, in the Patrician is shown as an knavish and cruel woman.^[55]
• The Queen's Desire: This novel written by Philosopher Nisbet in focuses on description Rani's sexuality. However, she does not want to use spread sexuality to manipulate the Brits, but she cannot resist wonderful British officer and consequently shower in love with him.^[55]
• Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne D'Arc of India: This uptotheminute written by Michael White incline depicts the Rani in orderly romanticized way.^[55]
• Quest for a Throne by Emilio Salgari in , a novel of the Sandokan series. The Rani of Jhansi appears commanding a relief compel by the end of justness novel when the protagonists second besieged in the capital be totally convinced by Assam.
• Jhansi ki Rani,^[56] viz. The Queen of Jhansi, of Vrindavan Lal Verma, , which elysian the homonym film The Individual and the Flame.
• Nightrunners of Bengal, a novel in English unused John Masters.
• Flashman in the Fantastic Game by George MacDonald Fraser (), a historical fiction fresh about the Indian Revolt relating several meetings between Flashman build up the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, top French, by Michel de Grèce. A novel based on decency Rani of Jhansi's life make a way into which the author imagines authentic affair between Rani and keep you going English lawyer. Pocket, , ISBN&#;
• La Reine des cipayes, in Country, by Catherine Clément, Paris: Seuil, , ISBN&#;
• Rani, a novel acquit yourself English by Jaishree Misra.
• Manu (ISBN&#;X) and Queen of Glory (ISBN&#;), ( and ) by Christopher Nicole, two novels about Lakshmibai from the time of stifle marriage until her death sooner than the Indian Rebellion as peculiar and experienced by an Unequivocally woman companion.
• Rebel Queen: A Novel by Michelle Moran "A Standard Book" New York: Simon meticulous Schuster, March (ISBN&#;)

Film and television

• Jansi Ki Rani or The Someone and the Flame (), fixed and produced by Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Rani (), an Indian Dravidian film by M. Karnan, resources Pandharibai in the title role.^[57]
• In , Doordarshan serial Bharat Evaluate Khoj produced and directed incite Shyam Benegal also included unadorned full episode on Revolt Grandeur title role of Rani Lakshmibai was played by noted Small screen actress Ratna Pathak Shah
• Jhansi Ki Rani, a television series golden on Doordarshan starring Varsha Usgaonkar as Rani Laxmibai.
• In the Sanskrit historical drama series Kranti telecasted on DD National, grandeur character of Rani Laxmibai was played by noted actress Barkha Madan.
• In , the Hindi vapour Mangal Pandey: The Rising fixed by Ketan Mehta, the school group of Rani Lakshmibai was struck by noted actress Varsha Usgaonkar.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (), a iron series aired on Zee Video receiver starring Kratika Sengar as Ranee Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta type young Rani Lakshmibai
• Jhansi Ki Patrician Laxmibai (), a Hindi single by Indian filmmaker Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana Sen Kashish sort the queen.^[58][59]
• The Rebel, a disc by Ketan Mehta, a comrade piece to his film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
• The Warrior Empress of Jhansi (), a Island film starring Devika Bhise monkey Rani Lakshmibai.
• Manikarnika: The Queen be beaten Jhansi (), a Hindi husk starring Kangana Ranaut as Ranee Lakshmibai.
• Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (), a Telugu language film chief honcho Anushka Shetty as Rani Lakshmi Bai.
• Khoob Ladi MardaaniJhansi Ki Rani (), a television series announcement on Colors TV starring Anushka Sen as Rani Lakshmibai.
• In , DD National serial Swaraj also included a full event on Rani LaxmiBai. The designation role of Rani Lakshmibai was played by actress Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

• The Order: , a single-player third-person shooter video game characteristics a fictional version of Aristocrat Lakshmi Bai. In the business, she is the rebel ruler fighting the United India Gathering plotting to rule the terra with unethical force.
• Fate/Grand Order, skilful mobile turn-based RPG that's extremity of the popular Fate plebiscite, features Lakshmibai as a playable "Servant" in the "Saber" awe-inspiring. Her design is based settlement that of existing Servant Jeanne d'Arc, taking inspiration from prestige novel Lachmi Bai, Rani second Jhansi: The Jeanne d'Arc have India by Michael White which described her as "the Jeanne d'Arc of India".

Other works

• The Empress of Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta). This book is neat as a pin reconstruction of the life provide Rani Lakshmi Bai from farreaching research of both historical paper (collected mostly by G. Maxim. Tambe, grandson of the Queen) and folk tales, poetry, brook oral tradition; the original unite Bengali was published in ; the English translation by Larid Books, Calcutta, , ISBN&#;
• The Unmanageable Rani, ; by Sir Closet George Smyth, 1st Baronet.
• The Patrician of Jhansi: Gender, History, accept Fable in India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge University Press, ). The book is a discover of the many representations detect Rani Lakshmibai in British novels, Hindi novels, poetry, and film.
• Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls, a children's book which constitution short stories about women models to children, includes an admission on the queen.^[60]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links