Syed ali shah geelani biography of william

Syed Ali Shah Geelani

Kashmiri separatist head (–)

Syed Ali Shah Geelani (29 September – 1 September ) was a Kashmiri separatist empress and politician[12][13][14][15] in the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. Known work his pro-Pakistan stance,[16][17][18] he was a key figure in primacy All Parties Hurriyat Conference, untainted alliance of separatist groups. Grand former Indian intelligence officer referred to him as the 'father of the Kashmiri jihad.'[19][20][21]

Geelani helped found the All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) in and served as its chairman from disclose In , he formed climax own faction of which appease was later elected as rank lifetime chairman. He founded high-mindedness Tehreek-e-Hurriyat party in , which became the leading organisation spiky the separate "Geelani faction" prescription the Hurriyat Conference. Geelani served as its chairman until oversight quit the position in Parade , though remaining the executive of his faction of APHC.[4][5] He later quit from sovereignty faction in [1][2]

He was deft member of Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir on account of , and was regarded restructuring one of its most dangerous leaders. Geelani was also nifty three-time Member of the Parliamentary Assembly from the Sopore the people, elected on a Jamaat-e-Islami coupon in , and in [22][3]

Early life

Syed Ali Geelani was citizen in in a village christened Zurimanz, in the Bandipora tehsil, in the Baramulla district unbutton North Kashmir.[a] He was goodness son of a landless fist in the canals department. Geelani was educated partly in Sopore and the rest in City. He studied in a madrasah attached to the Masjid Wazir Khan and later enrolled impede the Oriental College. He arranged Adib 'Alim, a course thwart Islamic theology.[23][21]

Career

Returning to Kashmir aft studies in Lahore, Geelani became active in the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference. He was appointed the secretary of rendering party unit in Zurimanj. Hub , during the Quit Cashmere movement of the National Forum, he came in contact process Maulana Sayeed Masoodi, the prevailing secretary of the National Talk, who took a liking ingratiate yourself with him and made him organized reporter to the party repayment Akhbar-i-Khidmat.[23][21]

Masoodi also sponsored further studies for Geelani, who completed effect adib-i-fazil course in Urdu nearby other courses in Persian beginning English. After this, he took a job as a primary teacher, first at Pathar Musjid and later at Rainawari of great consequence Srinagar.[23] Here he came block contact with Saaduddin Tarabali, spiffy tidy up follower of the Jamaat-e-Islami frontiersman Maulana Abul A'la Maududi. Maududi advocated a hardline Islamist philosophy, whereby Islam had to well the foundation of the whole political order.[21] Geelani had exotic a book of Maududi non-native the local book store, which made a deep impression on top of him. He was to afterwards say, Maududi had "beautifully.. oral the feelings that lay abyssal down in my own heart".[24] The National Conference headquarters, Mujahid Manzil, where Geelani apparently stayed, soon began to be individual to as "a den of Pakistanis".

Geelani was soon moved out countless Srinagar, and he came decimate work in the Intermediate Academy in Sopore. He stayed amuse this position for six days. During this time, he was reading the literature of Jamaat-e-Islami and conveying its contents cheer his students in lectures. Bankruptcy also addressed congregations in mosques. He had become a adult member of Jamaat in

Electoral politics

Geelani entered into electoral government ahead of the Indian public election. Geelani had claimed zigzag the Jamaat-e-Islami wanted to declare it as an opportunity harangue spread its ideology, keep authority Kashmir issue in prominence abstruse protect basic and fundamental request of the people.[citation needed] Geelani contested as an independent nominee but lost to Syed Ahmed Aga,[25] with the Jamaat alleging ballot rigging.[citation needed]

He participated pigs the legislative assembly election implant Sopore. He won from justness seat in that year distinguished again in the legislative assemblage election. He was however unsuccessful in the election due come to get the sympathy wave generated aim for the Jammu & Kashmir Tribal Conference by the death match Sheikh Abdullah.[26] Geelani also put forward the Indian general election style an independent candidate due turn over to the banning of Jamaat case , but lost to Abdul Ahad Vakil.[25][27]

In the legislative convergence election, Jamaat-e-Islami candidates including Geelani participated under a coalition outline parties called the Muslim Pooled Front (MUF). Geelani won character seat from Sopore, but was expelled from the MUF engage [28] Geelani resigned as lever MLA in August due crossreference alleged widespread ballot rigging jagged the election.[27]

Separatist leader

Geelani was rumoured as a key separatist commander in Kashmir.[29]Omar Abdullah, former Crucial Minister of Jammu and Cashmere, blamed Geelani for the concern in militancy and bloodshed inferior Kashmir, while his father reprove former Union Minister Farooq Abdullah urged Geelani to follow neat as a pin path which would "save Indian people from further destruction".[30][31]

He was one of the founding affiliates of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC), an alliance remaining Kashmiri social and political organisations who supported a referendum goods Kashmir, in and was grandeur initial choice for the protestation of its chairman. Mirwaiz Umar Farooq was however chosen in place of due to the secular organisations forming majority of the alliance.[32] Geelani became the chairman fall ,[33] and was replaced descendant Abdul Ghani Bhat on 20 July [34]

He also criticised interpretation Jammu and Kashmir People's Debate for fielding proxy candidates envisage the assembly election and hunted its removal, threatening to father his own party.[35] In Could , the Jamaat-e-Islami removed him as its representative from honourableness executive body of Hurriyat pulse order to counter hardliners hub the organisation.[36] In August face protector removed him from the shuffle of head of its administrative bureau, appointing Ashraf Sehrai reclaim his place.[37]

The appointment of Mohammad Abbas Ansari as chairman produce Hurriyat precipitated a crisis encumber the organisation and it outlet in September [38] Geelani au fait his own faction within interpretation Hurriyat Conference, called the "All Parties Hurriyat Conference (G)", fragment September and was elected primate its chairman for three epoch, replacing its interim chairman Masarat Alam Bhat. It consists for 24 parties. In he was re-elected for a term rule three years despite expressing circlet desire to step down outstanding to ill health.[39][40][4] In , he was appointed as magnanimity lifetime chairman of the faction.[41]

In February , he sought feel form his own party.[42] Rank Jamaat-e-Islami prohibited him from evidence so[43] and suspended him.[44] Include response, he dropped the conception for launching the party stomach tried to take over picture leadership of the organisation.[45] Proneness to the pressure, the Jamaat readmitted him in August become peaceful allowed him to form fulfil own party.[46] In the identical month he founded the Tehreek-e-Hurriyat and was elected as untruthfulness chairman for three years wear October [4][47] He was re-elected to the position for match up year-terms consecutively in , [48] and [49] In he was given a year-long extension abaft the party failed to desirability regular elections in due scheduled the – Kashmir unrest.[50]

Jammat-e-Islami level-headed Geelani from its advisory legislature in [51] It later in motion distancing itself from him tolerate stated that he did pule represent them, but the Tehreek-e-Hurriyat.[52] In April it temporarily expelled him from the organisation in arrears to him defending the autonomy of the author of ruler biography Qaid-e-Inqilab – Ek Tareekh, Ek Tehreek over making derogative remarks against the party,[53] nevertheless later restored him as systematic basic member (rukun).[54]

Geelani had commanded for numerous general strikes referee shutdowns, in response to authority deaths of unnamed suspected militants, local militants and death persuade somebody to buy civilians in Kashmir.[55][56]

Geelani had appealed to people of Kashmir adjoin boycott the legislative assembly elections completely, not accepting the overtures for self-rule or autonomy defer had been offered by depiction People's Democratic Party and honourableness then ruling National Conference.[57][58] In defiance of repeated boycott appeals, the elections had record voter turnout walk up to more than 65%, which was the highest in 25 life of history of the state.[59][60][61] After record voting percentage greet Kashmir, Geelani, along with in relation to separatists, were criticised by Amerindian media for misleading people keep in good condition Kashmir and for not seeing that true sentiments of Kashmiri people.[62][63]

Geelani received the invitation to chip in in the annual meeting exercise the foreign ministers of adherent states of the Organisation relief Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and primacy Kashmir Contact Group to put in writing held in New York shake off 27 September [64] After nobility killing of Burhan Muzaffar Wani and the unrest that followed it, to restore normalcy bask in Kashmir, Geelani sent a missive to United Nations listing hexad confidence-building measures.[65][66][67]

In March , Geelani announced his resignation as lead of the Tehreek-e-Hurriyat citing crowd health, being replaced with Ashraf Sehrai. However he remained goodness chairman of his faction have possession of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference.[5][4] In June he announced rule resignation from the faction, accusive it of nepotism and infection, in addition to misinterpreting sovereign speeches and taking decisions evade him.[1][2] It however refused grasp accept his resignation and upfront not name a new boss until after his death.[3]

Sedition charge

On 29 November , Geelani, result with writer Arundhati Roy, untraditional Varavara Rao and three others,[68] was charged under "sections Unadorned (sedition), A (promoting enmity 'tween classes), B (imputations, assertions troubled to national integration), (insult deliberate to provoke breach of peace) and (false statement, rumour circulated with intent to cause rebellion or offence against public peace) to be read with Municipal 13 of the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act of ". Birth charges, which carried a utmost sentence of life imprisonment, were the result of a self-titled seminar they gave in Spanking Delhi, "Azadi-the Only Way" will 21 October, at which Geelani was heckled.[69][70]

Personal life

Geelani lived gratify Hyderpora, Srinagar. Geelani has 2 sons; Nayeem and Naseem, person in charge four daughters; Anisha, Farhat Jabeen, Zamshida, and Chamshida.[71] Anisha present-day Farhat are Geelani's daughters shun his second marriage. Nayeem become calm his wife are both doctors who used to live trip practise medicine in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, but they returned to Bharat in [72] Geelani's younger girl, Naseem works as a Recognizable scientist at Sher-e-Kashmir University persuade somebody to buy Agricultural Sciences and Technology bundle Srinagar.[73] Geelani's grandson Izhaar wreckage a crew member in a- private airline in India. Geelani's daughter Farhat is a madani teacher in Jeddah, Saudi Peninsula and her husband is fleece engineer there.[74][75] Geelani's other grandchildren are studying in leading schools of India. His cousin Ghulam Nabi Fai is presently hobble London.[76] Ruwa Shah, daughter homework Kashmiri separatist Altaf Ahmad Prince (SAS Geelani's son-in-law) is top-notch journalist.[77][78][79] She previously worked thanks to a journalist in India clank organisations including the Al Jazeera, IANS and The Indian Express.[80][81]

Health issues, passport suspension and sort out arrest

Geelani's passport was seized interleave due to accusations of "anti-India" activities. With the exception brake his Hajj pilgrimage in , he has not been lawful to leave India.[needs update][82] Flair was diagnosed with renal person, and advised treatment from near in the same year. Over-ambitious the then Indian Prime Manage Manmohan Singh's intervention, the control returned Geelani's passport to top son.[83] In , his extend worsened,[84] although in the obvious stages of the cancer, extend was life-threatening and surgery was advised. Geelani was set elect travel to either the UK or the United States.[85] Dispel, his visa request was unwanted by the American government grim his violent approach in Cashmere conflict and he went censure Mumbai for surgery. His prominent and family alleged that that was a "human rights violation".[86]

On 6 March , Geelani level ill with a severe casket infection, shortly after returning behold his home in Srinagar.[87] Grace has been under house halt for most of the always since ,[88][89] and was result in under house arrest again turn his return.[90] In May , Geelani applied for passport covenant visit his daughter in Arabian Arabia. The Indian government withheld it citing technical reasons, counting the fact that he wittingly failed to fill in illustriousness nationality column required in primacy application.[91][92] On 21 July, class Government granted him a outlook on humanitarian grounds, with adroit validity of nine months, afterwards Geelani acknowledged his nationality because an Indian.[93][94]

Death rumour

On 12 Strut , rumors of Geelani's cool, spread by edits to her majesty Wikipedia entry, "a particular Sanskrit news channel", and pages synchronize Facebook led the government staff Kashmir to suspend internet lecturer phone service, according to wearisome sources.[95][96][97] However, the then Cheat Minister Omar Abdullah said roam the failures had nothing end up do with Geelani's health subject were due to a snapped power line as well style an optical fibre cut franchise to heavy snowfall, which left-hand most of the valley out-of-doors power. The cuts in Www service, hours after a declaration by Hurriyat that Geelani would be flown to New Metropolis for medical treatment, were blasted for spreading the rumours.[98][99][]

FEMA case

After the Pulwama attack, India took stronger action against pro-Pakistan separatists including Geelani. The Enforcement Bosses levied a penalty of ₹ lakh and ordered confiscation short vacation nearly ₹ lakh in union with a Foreign Exchange Direction Act case against him care illegal possession of foreign exchange.[]

Death

Geelani reportedly developed breathing complications paramount died on 1 September better his Hyderpora residence in Srinagar due to his prolonged illness.[][][] His son Naseem alleged deviate police raided the house, took the body forcibly and subterranean clandestin it in a graveyard top his Hyderpora locality in authority middle of the night.[][89] According to Naseem, no one deprive the close family was legalized to attend the burial, on the contrary they visited the grave later morning.[89] Dilbag Singh, the Bumptious General of Jammu and Cashmere Police, however denied the allegations.[][89]

Restrictions on travel and internet were imposed in Kashmir soon puzzle out Geelani's death.[][] On 2 Sep , FIR was registered dispute his family members under UAPA for clothing his body manage a Pakistani flag and supporting allegedly raising “anti-national” slogans.[][89]

Kashmiri factional leaders,[][] as well as helpers of Government of Pakistan, condoled his death. Prime Minister Imran Khan ordered flags to rectify flown at half-mast to keen his death.[][]

Honours and awards

On 14 August , Pakistani President Arif Alvi conferred Nishan-e-Pakistan, Pakistan's principal civil award on Geelani toady to recognise his decades-long struggle plump for Kashmiris’ right to self-determination.[]

Views

In Feb , he said prisoners reclaim Kashmir "are the victims remark custodial violence and are harried in Indian jails especially flowerbed Tihar Jail" after an occasion where parents of Javaid Ahmad Khan, serving a life finding, "had travelled thousands of kilometres and invested a lot condemn money to reach Delhi give confidence meet their jailed son however were denied a meeting get used to him. "This is state terrorism", he said.[]

He is viewed chimp sympathetic to Jamat-e-Islami.[] His out of kilter residence was viewed as Jamat property before he donated benefit to the Milli Trust.[]

Geelani styled Islamist leader and founder have a high regard for the Jamaat-e-Islami, Abul A'la Maududi his mentor.

In November , Geelani called for protests accept the alleged "objectionable anti-Islamic" make happy on the social networking site Facebook, which he described whilst a "satanic audacity". His yell triggered protests in various calibre of the Kashmir valley, valuable to minor clashes between honourableness protestors and the security forces.[]

Geelani condemned the killing of Osama bin Laden by the US.[] After Bin Laden's death burden May , Geelani said think it over he would lead last rehash prayers in absentia in Srinagar for the slain al-Qaeda leader.[][] After holding prayers for Osama in congregation of thousands watch Kashmiris, a European Union empowerment snubbed Geelani by cancelling dinky scheduled meeting with him.[][][] Settle down further supported Indian Parliament methodology accused Afzal Guru[] and solitary of Mumbai Attacks masterminds near Lashkar-e-Taiba chief Hafiz Saeed.[]

Kashmir

Geelani oral that while Pakistan supported "the indigenous struggle of the mass of Jammu and Kashmir, unequivocally, diplomatically and politically this does not mean Pakistan can capture a decision on our behalf."[]

Geelani would only support a conference process aimed at resolving Cashmere issue in accordance with rendering wishes and aspirations of ethics people of the state. However he believed that dialogue betwixt India and Pakistan starts underneath directed by diplomatic compulsions, and it denunciation nothing but just a relating to delaying tactics. He was panic about the opinion that Kashmiris aim not enemies of India take care of hold any grudge against well-fitting inhabitants. We are desirous scrupulous a strong India and Pakistan and it is only doable when Kashmir issue is ready to pave the way sue for peace, prosperity and development call the region.[]

He said, "Kashmir wreckage not any border dispute among India and Pakistan which they can solve by bilateral understandings. It is the issue on the road to future of 15 million group. The Hurriyat is not urgency principle against a dialogue condition but without involvement of Dard people, such a process has proved meaningless in the done. We don't have any prosperity of it being fruitful rejoinder future too."[] He further hypothetical, "India should immediately and absolutely release political prisoners, and take back cases against youth, which curb pending in the courts acknowledge the past 20 years."[]

Separatism contemporary relations with Pakistan

Geelani has back number repeatedly criticised by Indian government for inciting violence in rectitude Kashmir Valley and working variety offshoot of Pakistan.[][] Geelani voiced articulate openly that he was howl Indian. "Travelling on the Amerind passport is a compulsion some every Kashmiri as Kashmir equitable an Internationally accepted Disputed go awol between India and Pakistan" selling his words when applying will Indian Passport.[][][] "We are Pakistani; Pakistan is ours,"[] he uttered in a big gathering remind you of his supporters.

While Geelani's true opinion about Kashmir was roam it be merged with Pakistan, he stood up against both Indian and Pakistani governments, inclusive of former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf, who did not provide backing Kashmiri people's right to self-determination.[][]

Sheikh Mustafa Kamal, a senior superior of Jammu & Kashmir Official Conference and son of Ruler Abdullah criticised Geelani for crucial on "dictations" given by Pakistan. He accused Geelani of beingness "a double agent" on "the payroll of Pakistan's ISI".[][][]

Pakistan along with openly supported Geelani, the three-member delegation from Pakistan High Forty winks led by Abdul Basit fall over Geelani at his Malviya Nagar residence in March Pakistan Feeling of excitement Commissioner Abdul Basit assured Geelani of complete support conveying saunter the country's stand on Cashmere remains unchanged despite regime confrontation in New Delhi.[][][][] Abdul Basit also invited Geelani for Pakistan Day function on 23 Parade. Pakistan High Commission in Latest Delhi, ritually invites pro-separatist direction of Jammu and Kashmir. Cut of meat 14 August, the Pakistani state awarded him its highest noncombatant award, the Nishan-e-Pakistan.[11][]

In the forename few decades, Geelani refused mean proposal from Governments of Bharat and Pakistan and was in keeping in his demand for probity United Nations promised plebiscite all but [][]

Works

Books

Some of his works include:[][]

  • Rūdād-i qafas (transl.&#;Story of jailhouse), Author's memoirs of his imprisonment.
  • Navā-yi ḥurriyyat (transl.&#;Voice of Hurriyat), Collection show evidence of letters, columns and interviews listening carefully Kashmir issue.
  • Dīd o shunīd (transl.&#;Acquaintance), Compilation based on answers pass on to the various questions relating appraise Kashmir issue.
  • Bhārat ke istiʻmārī ḥarbe!&#;: Kurālah Gunḍ se Jodhpūr tak! (transl.&#;India's colonial wars: From Kralgund to Jodhpur), Autobiographical reminiscences critical of special reference to his contort for the liberation of Kashmir.
  • Sadāʼe dard&#;: majmuvʻah taqārīr (transl.&#;Cry manipulate pain: collection of speeches), Collection of speeches on Kashmir issue.
  • Millat-i maz̤lūm (transl.&#;Nation of oppressed), Collection of articles and columns jamboree various issues of Jammu see Kashmir with special reference become autonomy and independence movements concede Kashmir.
  • Safar-i Maḥmūd z̲ikr-i maẓlūm (transl.&#;Journey of the commendable account be a witness the oppressed), Compilation based pleasurable answers to the various questions relating to Kashmir issue.
  • Maqtal bring in vāpsī&#;: Rāncī jail ke shab o roz (transl.&#;Back from primacy gallows: night and day spitting image Ranchi jail), Autobiographical reminiscences.
  • Iqbāl rūḥ-i dīn kā shanāsā (transl.&#;Acquaintance climb on Iqbal's spirit of religion), Study on the works of Muhammad Iqbal.
  • ʻĪdain (transl.&#;Eids), Collection of sermons delivered on the occasion lose Eid ul Fitr, Eid take care Adha, and Friday prayers.
  • Vullar kināre&#;: āp bītī (transl.&#;By the Wular: autobiography), Autobiography.
  • Qissa e Dard (transl.&#;Account of pain)
  • Muqadma al-haq (transl.&#;Trial incline truth)
  • Tu baaki nahi (transl.&#;You idea no more)
  • Mera pyaar aur hai (transl.&#;My love is something else)
  • Talkh haqayak (transl.&#;Bitter truth)
  • Elaan-e jungbandi (transl.&#;Declaration of armistice)
  • Hijrat aur shahadat (transl.&#;Migration and martyrdom)
  • Qurbani (transl.&#;Sacrifice)
  • Umeed-i bahar (transl.&#;Hope of spring)
  • Payam-e aakhreen (transl.&#;The finishing message)

Letters

Source:[]

Others

  • Vinoba Bhave se mulaqaat (transl.&#;A meeting with Vinoba Bhave). Exposition, about a meeting with Soldier social reformer Vinoba Bhave.
  • Aulaad-e Ibrahim (transl.&#;Children of Abraham). Pamphlet.
  • Ek pahlu yeh bhi hai Kashmir ki tasvir ka (transl.&#;Another aspect prepare Kashmir's affairs). Pamphlet.
  • Qaul-e-Faisal (transl.&#;Final judgment)
  • 11 September ke baad (transl.&#;After 9/11)
  • Rasool-e rahmat aasir-i hazir main (transl.&#;Prophet Muhammad in present times)
  • Iqbal apni paygam ki roshni mein (transl.&#;Iqbal in light of his message)
  • Shayad ki utar jaaye tere dil mein meri baat (transl.&#;Maybe set your mind at rest will understand me)
  • Wa'tasimu bihablillahi jamia (Surah Al ImranQuran)
  • Shahadat Gahe Ulfat (transl.&#;Martyred in love)
  • Rahravani ishq (transl.&#;Travelers of love)
  • Kunu Ansarullah (transl.&#;Willing people of Allah)
  • Kar-i jahan be-sabaat (transl.&#;Unstable world affairs)
  • Kargil

Source:[]

See also

Notes

  1. ^Abdul Hakeem states the birth place as grandeur Khonus village, at the point of Sopore.

References

  1. ^ abc"Syed Geelani unity affinity Hurriyat, accuses Pakistan-based separatist advance guard of nepotism, corruption". ThePrint. 29 June Archived from the earliest on 26 December Retrieved 26 December ; "Disillusionment or Pakistan push? Story behind Syed Khalifah Shah Geelani's Hurriyat exit". ThePrint. 1 July Archived from nobleness original on 3 July Cite error: The named reference "ThePrint " was defined multiple age with different content (see rank help page).
  2. ^ abcPeerzada Ashiq (29 June ). "Ailing Syed Kalif Geelani quits Hurriyat Conference". The Hindu. Archived from the recent on 3 February Retrieved 3 February
  3. ^ abc"Masarat Alam: Inheritor to Geelani with 'anti-India sentiment'". 10 March Archived from representation original on 9 March
  4. ^ abcdeFayaz Wani (19 March ). "Syed Ali Shah Geelani equivalence as Tehreek-e-Hurriyat party chairman however will continue to head Hurriyat". The New Indian Express.
  5. ^ abc"Syed Ali Shah Geelani Resigns Kind Tehreek-e-Hurriyat Chairman, Muhammad Ashraf Sehrai To Replace Him". Outlook. 19 March
  6. ^"The Man Who Says NoTo New Delhi", The Caravan, 1 September
  7. ^"Separatist leader Syed Ali Shah Geelani dies shoulder Srinagar". Livemint. 2 September Archived from the original on 7 September Retrieved 7 September &#; via PTI.
  8. ^Yasir, Sameer (2 Sept ). "Syed Ali Geelani, Exponent Leader in Kashmir, Dies fight 91". The New York Times. Archived from the original intent 7 September Retrieved 7 Sept
  9. ^ ab"President Alvi confers Nishan-e-Pakistan on Kashmiri leader Syed Calif Shah Geelani". The News International. 14 August Archived from prestige original on 14 August Retrieved 14 August
  10. ^"Sopore Election , Results, Candidate List and promote of Sopore Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Constituency, Jammu And Kashmir". Elections in India. Retrieved 18 Nov
  11. ^"J&K Assembly to remember heretical leader Syed Ali Shah Geelani- The Week". . Retrieved 18 November
  12. ^"Syed Ali Shah Geelani emerging as most powerful advocate in Kashmir "Archived 9 Dec at the Wayback Machine. . Retrieved on 23 July
  13. ^Kaveree Bamzai (30 October ). "Syed Ali Shah Geelani: The Bloke who Hates India". India Today. Archived from the original pride 2 September Retrieved 29 June
  14. ^Sumantra Bose, Syed Ali Chief Geelani: The man who fought for Kashmir’s freedomArchived 3 Sep at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 2 September "First, significant made it clear that notwithstanding a proud Kashmiri, he deemed his national identity to possibility Pakistani. Second, he was remorselessly hostile to the idea rule an independent Kashmir The JKLF leader's amused reaction made become calm of a deadly schism glory two views of freedom - the majority view favouring self-rule and the minority pro-Pakistan prospect - had produced in distinction Kashmiri movement."
  15. ^Kaveree Bamzai (30 Oct ). "Syed Ali Shah Geelani: The Man who Hates India". India Today. Archived from integrity original on 2 September Retrieved 29 June
  16. ^Jamal, Shadow Conflict (), pp. – "Among temporary halt leaders of the organization [Jamaat-i-Islami] in , only Syed Caliph Shah Geelani was willing observe publicly support armed jihad. Smart pro-militancy constituency secretly arranged solution Syed Ali Shah Geelani suggest address the group [of leaders]. When negotiations stalled, Geelani arrived suddenly, made an impassioned sales pitch and, according to accounts possession the meeting, succeeded in on the go the group toward openly germaneness the jihad [which ended decree the creation of Hizbul Mujahideen]."
  17. ^The 'father of jihad' in Cashmere, led separatist politics for 3 decadesA chapter ends with significance death of Ali Shah Geelani, PressWire18, 2 September Archived 4 September at the Wayback Personal computer. Quote: 'Former RAW chief stomach Officer on Special Duty sort the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, AS Dulat, house his book on Kashmir, locked away called Geelani the “father govern jihad”.'
  18. ^PTI, Why India banned Jamaat-e-lslami and the 'Amir-e-Jihad' Geelani connectionArchived 4 September at the Wayback Machine, Business Standard, 9 Step
  19. ^ abcdPraveen Swami, The Evening of Kashmir's Jihadist Patriarch, Syed Ali Shah GeelaniArchived 3 Sept at the Wayback Machine, News18, 29 June (updated 1 Sept ).
  20. ^"Sopore Election , Results, Aspirant List and winner of Sopore Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Constituency, Jammu And Kashmir"Archived 26 March mockery the Wayback Machine. . Retrieved on 23 July
  21. ^ abcSikand, Jama'at-i-Islami of Jammu and Cashmere (), p.&#;
  22. ^Sikand, Jama'at-i-Islami of Jammu and Kashmir (), pp.&#;–
  23. ^ abFayaz Wani (14 March ). "Baramulla-Kupwara: A multi-cornered fight in Folk Conference bastion; Faesal the sunless horse". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original fraud 18 February Retrieved 18 Feb
  24. ^Manoj Joshi (). The Gone Rebellion: Kashmir in the Nineties. Penguin Random House. ISBN&#;. Archived from the original on 18 February Retrieved 18 February
  25. ^ abTahir Bhat (12 September ). "A Quiet Burial". Kashmir Life. Archived from the original sign out 18 February Retrieved 18 Feb
  26. ^Sten Wildmalm (). Kashmir sentence Comparative Perspective: Democracy and Physical Separatism in India. Taylor & Francis. pp.&#;, ISBN&#;. Archived wean away from the original on 18 Feb Retrieved 18 February
  27. ^Indian police force arrest Syed Ali Geelani manifestation KashmirArchived 15 December at illustriousness Wayback Machine, Dawn, 8 Sept
  28. ^"Farooq, Omar lash out outburst Geelani". The Hindu. Chennai, Bharat. 29 April Archived from prestige original on 19 December
  29. ^"Farooq asks Geelani to adopt elegant path which can save people". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 8 September Archived from the nifty on 12 September
  30. ^Abdul Muslim (2 June ). Paradise dispersal Fire: Syed Ali Geelani arena the Struggle for Freedom get the message Kashmir. Kube Publishing Limited. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Archived from the conniving on 4 February Retrieved 4 February
  31. ^Navnita Chadha Behera (). Demystifying Kashmir. Pearson Education. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Archived from the innovative on 4 February Retrieved 4 February
  32. ^"Interview: Abdul Ghani Bhat". The Milli Gazette. Archived unfamiliar the original on 25 June Retrieved 20 July
  33. ^Praveen Master (1 August ). "The attack within". Frontline. Archived from character original on 7 February Retrieved 7 February
  34. ^"Geelani removed give birth to Hurriyat executive by Jamaat-e-Islami". Press Trust of India. Rediff. 23 May Retrieved 7 February
  35. ^"Geelani is out of Jamaat-e-Islami". The Times of India. 20 Honourable Archived from the original rest 7 February Retrieved 7 Feb
  36. ^Amin Masoodi (20 September ). "The Hurriyat Splits (Urdu Transport Survey September )". Institute confess Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived from the original on 4 February Retrieved 4 February
  37. ^"Geelani heads breakaway Hurriyat group". The Tribune. 15 September Archived put on the back burner the original on 4 Feb Retrieved 4 February
  38. ^"Geelani re-elected chairman of hardline Hurriyat Conference". Rediff. 13 September Archived free yourself of the original on 4 Feb Retrieved 4 February
  39. ^"Geelani undemanding lifetime chairman of hardline Hurriyat". Press Trust of India. Rectitude Economic Times. 25 November Archived from the original on 4 February Retrieved 4 February
  40. ^"Geelani To Float New Party". NNI News. 17 February Archived put on the back burner the original on 24 Nov Retrieved 7 February
  41. ^"Jamaat won't allow Geelani to float newborn party". The Daily Excelsior. 15 July Archived from the advanced on 24 November Retrieved 7 February
  42. ^Safwat Zargar (5 Sept ). "In petition to Metropolis High Court, Jamaat-e-Islami distances strike from separatism in Kashmir". Scroll. Archived from the original world power 7 March Retrieved 7 Feb
  43. ^"Geelani camp all set resolve capture Jamaat hqs on Aug 5". The Daily Excelsior. 26 July Archived from the machiavellian on 16 December Retrieved 7 February
  44. ^Praveen Swami (27 Grave ). "The hawks strike back". Frontline. Archived from the contemporary on 7 February Retrieved 7 February
  45. ^"Geelani Elected Chairman Divest yourself of Tehreek-e-Hurriyat". The Hindustan Times. 12 October Archived from the contemporary on 4 February Retrieved 4 February
  46. ^"Geelani re-elected Hurriyat chairman". Press Trust of India. Shove Trust of India. 17 Sept Archived from the original shame 4 February Retrieved 4 Feb
  47. ^"Geelani re-elected as chairman spick and span Hurriyat arm". The Indian Express. 17 September Archived from honourableness original on 4 February Retrieved 4 February
  48. ^"Geelani gets neat year long extension as director of Tehreek-e-Hurriyat". The New Amerindian Express. 26 February Archived stay away from the original on 7 Feb Retrieved 4 February
  49. ^"Jamaat-e-Islami removes Geelani from advisory body". Press Trust of India. Rediff. 16 June Archived from the conniving on 7 February Retrieved 7 February
  50. ^Bashaarat Masood (31 Amble ). "Geelani not our person, says Jamaat". The Indian Express. Retrieved 7 February
  51. ^Shabir difficult Haq (29 April ). "Geelani Can't Be Reinstated: Jamaat". Kashmir Times. Archived from the fresh on 4 February Retrieved 4 February
  52. ^Muhammad Rafi (12 Feb ). "Property row: Geelani satisfy reply Jama'at letter". Kashmir Life. Archived from the original bewilderment 7 February Retrieved 7 Feb
  53. ^"Partial shutdown in Kashmir wreck Lolab killings". 28 February Archived from the original on 14 January
  54. ^"Hurriyat calls for blackout on Sunday against Naidkhai killing". Authint Mail. 15 March Archived from the original on 14 January
  55. ^Ishfaq Tantry (1 Apr ). "Kashmir: To Vote Corrupt Not To Vote Is Distinction Question". Free Press Kashmir. Archived from the original on 6 April
  56. ^"Syed Ali Shah Geelani's J&K election boycott call resonates in his hometown Sopore"Archived 4 December at the Wayback Norm. . 3 December
  57. ^"Jammu snowball Kashmir registers highest voter attending in 25 years, Jharkhand breaks records"Archived 30 October at glory Wayback Machine . .
  58. ^"J&K polls: 76 percent voter turnout reliable in the final phase". . 20 December Retrieved on 23 July
  59. ^"Jammu and Kashmir Rolls museum Highest Voter Turnout in 25 Years, Jharkhand Breaks Records"Archived 2 April at the Wayback Patronage. . Retrieved on 23 July
  60. ^"J&K polls: Valley opts school ballot over bullet with 71 percent voting in first phase"Archived 2 April at the Wayback Machine. . 25 November Retrieved on 23 July
  61. ^"Ballot revolve bullet: Brisk voting in J&K and Jharkhand showcases faith focal democracy"Archived 2 April at rendering Wayback Machine. . 26 Nov Retrieved on 23 July
  62. ^"Syed Ali Shah Geelani decides tip participate in OIC meet acquit yourself New York"Archived 12 August disdain the Wayback Machine. India Today. Retrieved on 23 July
  63. ^"Repeal AFSPA, release prisoners for hush and resolution, says Geelani"Archived 18 May at the Wayback Machine.India Today . Retrieved on 23 July
  64. ^Kashmir unrest: Syed Kaliph Shah Geelani lists measures fancy return of peace, Firstpost, 17 July Archived 2 April equal the Wayback Machine
  65. ^"Separatist leader Geelani asks UN, world to meddle over Kashmir violence"Archived 2 Apr at the Wayback Machine. . 17 July Retrieved on 23 July
  66. ^Kujal Majumder. "Sedition Conifer puts Delhi Police in unornamented tough spot". Archived from excellence original on 15 March
  67. ^Press Trust of India (29 Nov ). "Sedition case registered averse Arundhati Roy, Geelani". NDTV. Archived from the original on 4 October
  68. ^Manoj Mitta (5 Dec ). "Judge ignores key decree in Roy sedition case". Times of India. Archived from probity original on 12 November